{"id":6910,"date":"2017-09-18T16:07:46","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T15:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schspin.wordpress.com\/?p=6910"},"modified":"2024-03-11T21:01:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T21:01:50","slug":"frauen-im-film-34-gewerke-2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/gb\/2017\/09\/18\/frauen-im-film-34-gewerke-2017\/","title":{"rendered":"Film Professions in Germany 2017"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Film Departments 2017: Share of Women<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">In 2014 I wrote about 32 teampositions behind the cam  era for German film productions and 2 positions in front of the camera, analyzing information from the database of Crew United (<a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/2014\/07\/14\/gewerke\/#english\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Filmcrafts: Some with Women, Some with Men?<\/a>). The text I\u2018ve finally completed today \u2013 literally after months \u2013 is an update with data from 2017, both for the team positions and the actresses and actors (including an age analysis \u2013 for which I used data from <a href=\"http:\/\/filmmakers.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Filmmakers<\/a> and the federal agency <a href=\"http:\/\/zav.arbeitsagentur.de\/nn_462294\/kv\/Navigation\/Film-Fernsehen.html__nnn=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ZAV K\u00fcnstlervermittlung<\/a>).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Reference Values<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">35 Film Jobs<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Training<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Acting<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Population<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Final Thought<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Reference Values for Statistical Film Analyses<\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">For past evaluations of groups of films, (e.g. the German Top 100 Films, TATORTE \/ Crime Scenes- TV movies, TV movie of the week, nominations for film awards) I\u2018ve used two points of reference aside from the 50 % threshold: the share of women in professional associations and that for the division in the data base of Crew United. In most cases \/ film groups these values were not reached, as the following graph demonstrates. It depicts the shares of women for seven team positions for the Top 100 German films 2012 to 16:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/08\/top100_12-15_cu_en.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7050\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/08\/top100_12-15_cu_en.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"342\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Women are underrepresented in each case. This is \u2013 perhaps surprisingly? &#8211; not only the case for those professions that have a low share of women, men are hired disproportionately for divisions like costume design (91 %) or casting (87 %) as well. <\/span><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">I wrote about this three years ago, now it\u2018s time for an update. <strong>Vincent Lutz <\/strong>of Crew United in Munich kindly sent me the absolute figures of women and men in 34 film jobs. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">34 Departments<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">In the next gallery you can see the percentage of women and men <strong>in all 34 jobs<\/strong> for 2014 and for 2017, and then the female percentage for the jobs arranged<strong> in 6 groups (Logistics, Idea, Image, Look, Tuning and Acts<\/strong>). There, the massive columns are for 2017, and the striped for 2014:<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">It is not possible to say if the differences between 2014 and 2017 are trends or not. However, we see the ratio between men and women in the different divisions. Unfortunately, due to the lack of age data, it is difficult to talk about career starters and leavers, and if the numbers are different for the sexes. We can only have a look at filmschools to find out something about the numbers for and ratio between women and men starting in a film job.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Training<\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">It is not so easy to get reliable figures on training for film professions. Luckily enough, two studies were published in February by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ffa.de\/index.php?id=170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FFA German Federal Filmboard<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ffa.de\/gender-und-film-rahmenbedingungen-und-ursachen-der-geschlechterverteilung-von-filmschaffenden-in-schluesselpositionen-in-deutschland.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gender and Film<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ard.de\/download\/3841216\/Gender_und_Fernsehfilm___Eine_Studie_im_Auftrag_von_ARD_und_ZDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gender and TV Movies<\/a>, both in German) that provide some figures for the training for seven professions. Every year, roughly 250 people graduate from the film schools and film universites, 60 to 70 of them as directors. The next table contrasts them with the corresponding figures from the Crew United database, which are remarkably lower:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/06\/schspin_absolv-aktiv_en.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6915\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/06\/schspin_absolv-aktiv_en.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"316\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">In <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201c<em>Gender and TV movie \u2013 a study by the University of Rostock and the Fraunhofer Institute, commissioned by the TV networks ARD and ZDF<\/em>\u201c <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">the figures are commented on in the following way (accentuations by me): <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\" align=\"justify\"><em><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">I<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">f you compare today\u2018s situation of the film industry with the the figures of the students that graduated 15 to 20 years ago,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">and who could be firmly settled in their professional lives, it becomes apparent that <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>the numbers of alumni and of those studying today hardly differ<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Both then and today there are predominantly men in the sound and camera departments. The share of women in directing and of the directing alumni is about 44 %. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">It\u2018s similar for production design. On the other hand there are more women studying to become producers today, and less for editing, 15 to 20 years ago their share was 82 %, but today it\u2018s only 51 %. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ard.de\/download\/3841216\/Gender_und_Fernsehfilm___Eine_Studie_im_Auftrag_von_ARD_und_ZDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">source<\/a>).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">On the other hand, the share of men woring in the film industry is higher than their share of students and alumni. As far as editing is concerned, editor <strong>Sabine Brose<\/strong> explains this through the digitalisation in this job which made it more attractive to men.<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">And what about all the other film professions and jobs that are not on this list? How many people <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">start every year? What about independent film schools, and film makers without any formal training or those that change their profession within the industry? Take actors- or actresses-turned directors as an example, they usually do this without studying at any film school. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">By the way, is that something that actors tend to do more than actr<span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">esses? Well, that\u2018s a topic for another day.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Here in Germany and of course in other countries as well, a lot is being talked about directors \u2013 not in the least because of the activism of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.proquote-regie.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pro Quote Regie<\/a>, a group of female directors, and the <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">42 \u2013 44 %<\/span><\/strong> figure is widely know as the <strong>share of women among film school graduates for directing<\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">It\u2018s also widely known that the share of female directors for film and television productions as well as for federal funding is much lower. This training-working-gap is something to be found for other film professions \u2013 behind and in front of the camera \u2013 as well.<br \/>\nIt&#8217;s useful\u00a0 to have data on the age distribution in film industry\u2018s workforce, and on their children etc. to start discussing if more women are trained today than 20 years ago or if women leave the industry when they start a family (also read: <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/2014\/04\/14\/kinokinderkarriere\/#english\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cinema, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Career, Children: Can the Film Industry be called a family-friendly Workplace?<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Acting<\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><strong>It is often said that in the acting profession there is the same <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">1<\/span>:<span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">1<\/span> women-men-balance\u00a0 as in society<\/strong>. This idea is supported by the following table which shows the share of women and men for the data base of Filmmakers (a German casting data base) and for the film actresses and actors in the federal agency ZAV.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/schspin_schauspieler-innen_dbs_en.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7231\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/schspin_schauspieler-innen_dbs_en.jpg?w=611\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"225\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">This is only half true though, since we encounter a similar phenomenon as in those film professions that were investigated by the FFA, directing, DoP, sound etc. <strong>The share of women among acting beginners is higher than that among all acting professionals<\/strong>. To back this up let\u2018s not have a look at acting schools, because tend to assemble their classes in a <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">2<\/span>:<strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">1<\/span><\/strong> ratio similar to that at German theatres \u2013 not only classical but also many modern plays have a vast majority of male roles. On top of this a lot of actresses and actors start with different backgrounds, some went to acting school (run by the state or privately), some had no training at all, others come from music TV, others were discovered in the streets. So it makes more sense to look at certain age groups to define the acting starters. In the Filmmakers database I took those between 24 and 27, and in the ZAV file \u2013 which is grouped in 5 year slots \u2013 I took the 22- to 25-year-olds and the 22- to 30-year-olds. This table paints a very different picture:<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/schauspiel-berufsanf_2017_en.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7232\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/schauspiel-berufsanf_2017_en.jpg?w=611\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"210\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><strong>The share of women in the beginning years is much higher than the total average,<\/strong> the difference between 7,3 to 11,5 percentage points. And when we compare individual years we get the actual state of things. For those who are 30 the share of women is <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">58,5 %<\/span><\/strong>, but for the 55 year olds it\u2018s only <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">36,8 %<\/span><\/strong>. The next figures show the absolute figures for actresses (<strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">light blue<\/span><\/strong>) and actors (<span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">pink<\/span>) according to their years of birth (left, source Filmmakers) and in sum for 5 year groups (right figure, source ZAV). What is quite remarkable are the <strong>male age groups<\/strong> from 1990 (who were 26 years old on Jan 1, 17) to 1963 (53 yrs) stay on a similar plateau of roughly 250 actors per year. The <strong>female age groups<\/strong> have their first decline for 1977 (39 yrs), this is were the colums fall below 300 actresses for the first time, and from 1971 (45 yrs) the drop below 250, and for 1968 (48 yrs) below 200 for the first time. When we look at the 5-year groups the decline at 40 is even more distinct:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\">In 2017, the average age of actresses was <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">35,5 years<\/span><\/strong> and of actors it was <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">40,8 years<\/span>, in 2013 the figures wee <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">38,9<\/span><\/strong> and <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">43,4<\/span> (own calculations from Filmmakers data. We can\u2018t call this a trend though as it is only comparing two years). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;\">The next gallery pictures this in greater detail, we see the Filmakers data f\u00fcr 2017 and 2013 in 5-year-groups for <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">women<\/span><\/strong> and <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">men<\/span>, together and separately. Again we see the drop at 40 years for actresses and the wide plateau for the actors (click to enlarge the images).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Parenthesis <\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">The other night, at the monthly <strong>meeting of the Berlin BFFS<\/strong> members (that\u2018s the acting union) a well-known <strong>casting director<\/strong> said that there were far more actresses than actors, stating that whenever she was searching for the right one in an age group there would be more women than men in the data base. One of the BFFS representatives contested this saying that the gender situation in acting was perfectly balanced. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">To a certain extent and in their own worlds both of them were right. The BFFS roughly has the same number of female and male members, because apparently so far the union is not quite as attractive for actresses. And we can assume that the casting director probably had to mostly cast roles under 40, as that is where a female majority can be found.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><strong>We can assume that more women than men take up acting as a profession and that many of those women leave it halfway through their working life, around 40.<\/strong> Why? Because there is not enough work for them? For private \/ family reasons? Do actresses who are mothers have their children in their late 30s and then quit acting for good? This certainly is not normal among working women in Germany as we can see when we take a look at some other statistics.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Germany&#8217;s (Working) Population<\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">The German population consists of <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>41.4 M women<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">39.8 M men<\/span> (source Statistisches Bundesamt \/ Federal Office for Statistics), the average age is 44 years and 3 months. The next figure shows a sort of balance, both gender curves run more or less parallel. Up to the 56 to 60-year-olds with a slight male, after that with a female majority. We can also distinguish the Baby Boomer Generation, in this case the 46 to 55-year-olds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/07\/schspin-bev-14-en.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7014\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/07\/schspin-bev-14-en.jpg?w=611\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"311\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">From a publication of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sozialpolitik-aktuell.de\/tl_files\/sozialpolitik-aktuell\/_Politikfelder\/Bevoelkerung\/Datensammlung\/PDF-Dateien\/abbVIII3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Statistisches Bundesamt 2016<\/a> (highlighting by me):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"><em>If we group the population by age and gender we see in 2015, that the 40 to 50 and the 50 to 60 year olds are the most dominant groups quantitatively. These are the Baby Boomer Generations from post-war years and the boom time of the \u201cWirtschaftswunderzeit\u201c (economic miracle), who have reached the higher end of their working year and who are going to transition to retirement in a few years.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">We also see the aging of the Baby Boomers when we look at the <strong>average age of employees: currently it is roughly 43 years<\/strong> (<span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">43.4 for men<\/span>, <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">43.3 for women<\/span><\/strong>). This is much higher than the average 25 years ago, when it was <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">39.4 for men<\/span> and <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">37.9 for women<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\"> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/PresseService\/Presse\/Pressemitteilungen\/zdw\/2017\/PD17_26_p002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">source 27.6.17<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Back to the \u201c40 year abyss\u201c for actresses. <strong>Does employment of women outside the film industry also decrease or even cease quite as drastically?<\/strong> Would that be for structural reasons, connected to the division of responsibilities among couples as recards children or elderly dependents? <strong>No, quite the contrary!<\/strong> Even though less women than men go to work, the curves for female and male employees are nearly parallel, both have a slight decline in the group of the 36 to 40-year-olds which is constantly reversed in the following ten years. &#8211; <strong>this is the opposite of the working situation for actresses<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/07\/schspin-sozvers-11_en.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7015\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/07\/schspin-sozvers-11_en.jpg?w=611\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"311\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Final Thought<\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #4d4d4d;\">Of course we need to talk about the <strong>compatibility of work and family in the film industry<\/strong> and to improve the conditions for working parents. But we cannot assume that it is for personal, family biographies if female directors, DoP\u2018s, authors and actresses are hired less and leave the industry. <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">Women in film<\/span> are at a disadvantage, and the situation won\u2018t get better by itself<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Im Juni 2014 hatte ich \u00fcber 32 Teampositionen am Filmset hinter der Kamera und 2 Positionen vor der Kamera geschrieben und dazu die entsprechenden Datenbankeintr\u00e4ge von Crew United ausgewertet (Film: Frauengewerke, M\u00e4nnergewerke?). Heute gibt es eine Aktualisierung f\u00fcr 2017, sowohl &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/gb\/2017\/09\/18\/frauen-im-film-34-gewerke-2017\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,8],"tags":[47,67,93,145,187,222,252,295,370,403,420,517,684],"class_list":["post-6910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-besetzung-cast","category-stab-crew","tag-alter","tag-ausbildung","tag-berufstaetigkeit","tag-crew-united","tag-drehbuch","tag-ffa","tag-frauenanteil","tag-gewerke","tag-kamera","tag-kostuem","tag-licht","tag-regie","tag-zav"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"gb","enabled_languages":["de","gb"],"languages":{"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Film Professions in Germany 2017 &#8211; 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