{"id":7519,"date":"2017-11-06T12:11:42","date_gmt":"2017-11-06T11:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schspin.wordpress.com\/?p=7519"},"modified":"2019-06-21T20:21:13","modified_gmt":"2019-06-21T20:21:13","slug":"neropa-in-der-stoffentwicklung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/gb\/2017\/11\/06\/neropa-in-der-stoffentwicklung\/","title":{"rendered":"NEROPA during Script Development"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>The Initial Question<\/li>\n<li>The NEROPA-Lights<\/li>\n<li>Write first, decide later<\/li>\n<li>Is that really necessary?<\/li>\n<li>German Film Funding November 17<\/li>\n<li>Epilogue: Ships that Pass in the Night<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Initial Question<\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Every now then I get asked if script writers can also work with the casting method NEROPA to modify the striking gender imbalance between female and male roles on television.<\/strong> The clear answer to that is \u201c<em>not really<\/em>\u201c and \u201c<em>yes of course<\/em>\u201c at the same time, and that is something I will talk about today.<br \/>\nIdeally the NEROPA check is performed by three individuals. Six eyes won\u2018t read thesame way , three brains will tick differently and people will have had different experiences in their lives. So the 3 will most probably find differing <strong>neutral roles<\/strong> in the investigated script, i.e. roles whose gender is not essentioal to the plot. Then the three will talk and agree upon a final list of neutral characteres (see also <a href=\"http:\/\/neropa.stieve.com\/en\/der-neropa-check\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NEROPA-Check<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>\u201cnot really\u201c<\/strong><br \/>\nA script \u2013 at least as long as it hasn\u2018t been altered by order of commissioning editors or others \u2013 represents the author\u2018s intention, it presents characters exactly in a way the authors meant them to be, they do and say exactly what the authors want them to do or say. If the authors were to <strong>nerope*<\/strong> their scripts they most probably end up with <strong>zero neutral roles<\/strong> as they were all intended to be who they are. Just ask a child about their soft toy: \u201c<em>Ah, so he\u2018s called <strong>Berti Bear<\/strong>. But couldn\u2018t it also be <strong>Berta Bear<\/strong> or <strong>Brownie Bear<\/strong><\/em>?\u201c No of course not. Everyone can see it\u2018s Berti Bear. (Actually I can\u2018t, but that\u2018s just the point. Stuffed animals\u2018 gender is in the eyes of the beholder. Or rather keeper.)<br \/>\nI imagine the characters in a script are like the stuffed animals of a writer, they have been playing \/ occupied with them for weeks, months or even years. They know them inside out, they know who they are and why they even are in the story in the first place. So the chances that an author will say \u201e<em>yes of course, these four or ten roles can be neutral<\/em>\u201c (or worse \u201c<em>sure, they can be deleted<\/em>\u201c) are pretty dim.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>\u201cyes, of course!\u201c<br \/>\n<\/strong>Now the author could go about getting a couple of other persons, have them use\u00a0 <strong>NEROPA<\/strong> on the script and then discuss the neutral findings among the three of them. But that does not really <!--more [Weiterlesen - Read On] --> seem like a plausible thing to do. So instead I came up with something else, a NEROPA <em>solo<\/em> so to speak, to apply at an earlier stage of the script. And I think this idea could work well and again, it\u2018s quite a straightforward method.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7520\" style=\"width: 460px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/11\/neropa_3-farben-set.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7520\" class=\"wp-image-7520\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/11\/neropa_3-farben-set.png?w=611\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"323\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7520\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Always be prepared. With the NEROPA lights<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>The NEROPA Lights*<\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">Once or twice I\u2018ve heard someone object: \u201c<em>But script writers don\u2018t like it when their work gets tampered with<\/em>.\u201c Obviously this is understandable. But as most of us probably know by now, there is an alarming gender imbalance in German film and television. Actually<strong> I would suggest that the NEROPA Check be performed on all films that have twice as many male roles or mor in the cast.<\/strong><br \/>\nSo the best protection an author can get against having the gender of characters changed as a result of the NEROPA check (or other tools that may exist) is to <strong>incorporate the concept of neutral roles parity in their their own script development and their writing process<\/strong>.<br \/>\nJust as a reminder, here are some of my evaluations of six prime time tv film spots from 2015, from the two main German channels (ARD and ZDF). From left to right it\u2018s the first roles of the cast list, the main casts (as published by the tv channels) and then two figures that show the imbalance from another perspective. Each of the roughly 35 films per weekday that has twice as many or more roles of one gender is depicted.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p align=\"justify\">What I find quite remarkable in the findings for the ZDF Sunday evening, the so-called heart cinema films (<strong>Herzkino<\/strong>): there are <strong>100 % <\/strong>female leads \/ first roles on the list and a relatively balanced overall cast situation. There are six films with 2 to 3,5 times more male roles, but no films with twice as many females. <strong>Why don\u2018t we see this in the rerverse situation<\/strong>, i.e. in a group where the films with male leads are dominant? For example the ZDF Monday films (the so-called tv movies of the week \/ FERNSEHFILM DER WOCHE) and the ARD Sunday films (TATORTE \/ crime scene \u2013 cop drama), there we have main casts with more than 60 % male roles and 11 and 13 films with twice as many and more male roles \u2013 11 times \/ 4 times as many as the peaks.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>This imbalance is something we need to abolish<\/strong> since it does not reflect our society &#8211; that also wants to see a different representation on tv (read also <a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/2014\/09\/11\/fernsehrat\/#english\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Standards for Public Broadcasting<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">* Seeing the three little tins with shiny remains of colours in them on my desk reminded me of <strong>traffic lights<\/strong>. And that\u2018s a fitting image in a way, not just because of the way they are arranged, but also because red \/ pink signals Stop and <strong>green<\/strong> signals start moving \/ go on, so not bad as a metaphor. Way to go, NEROPA! So keeping the NEROPA lights in the back of your head can simply just meand remember the three colours, remember the three character categories.<\/p>\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Write first, decide later<\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">In most cases the course for gender distribution in films is set very early. The leading character, the protagonist and antagonist, the two or three roles in the centre are in most cases created at the beginning, and their gender is determined as well. In the course of developing the script, as writing time goes by, during the various phases of the script (see also: DramaWiki: <a href=\"https:\/\/dramaqueen.info\/wiki\/text-elements\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Text-types<\/a>) other characters are added so that in the end there are 15 or 25 or even more speaking roles.<br \/>\nI can imagine leading characters will be drawn in greater detail and revised numerous times. This happens less often with supporting roles and least with the nameless smallies. With them it may just be the basic question of in-or-out: Do I keep \u201cneighbour\u201c? Or does he have so little to say that I can merge him with \u201cpostman\u201c?<br \/>\n<strong>With some characters, there\u2018s no need for deciding their gender for a long time. They are neutral and can be actively and visibly classified as such, quite officially.<\/strong> This can be done on an overview concept sheet, on (green) index cards, with little wooden or plastic figures you use for visualizing the characters, or digitally. They can even get <strong>gender neutral first names<\/strong> for a start, Chris, Stevie, Robin, Jackie, just surnames without Mr \/ Ms, or be called by their profession, maybe stressing the neutralness if it is not generally perceived as neutral. Be inventive! (teacher, police officer, plumbing person, acter, chippy shop).<br \/>\nWhile the script is growing and the story getting more depth, reasons why Chris and teacher have to be male, and Stevie and plumbing person female may come up. The others will remain <strong>neutral<\/strong>, and finally can tadaaa! be defined as <strong>female<\/strong> \u2013 male \u2013 <strong>female<\/strong> \u2013 male alternately in the NEROPA way. And get names if they haven\u2018t got any yet. Or you simply leave them as <strong>neutral<\/strong> and pass the cast list on like this to the production and particularly to the casting director who then will suggest acting people most suitable (see also <a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/2017\/06\/27\/neutrale-Rollen-the-future-is-now\/#english\">The Future is Now<\/a>).<br \/>\n(Of course what is also possible is this: all neutral roles can be declared as female characters. Maybe the cast will be female biased then, but so what? There will be loads of films with a male majority for the roles, so any film that counterbalances this is a contribution for more diversity.)<br \/>\nBut since we talk about NEROPA, of course the transformation on a parity basis will have a positive effect and is a contribution towards depicting our diverse society a little better.<\/p>\n<p>The next four images show examples of<strong> how to work with the Neroping idea at an early stage of script writing<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p align=\"justify\">The fourth image is a screen grab from the <a href=\"https:\/\/dramaqueen.info\/about-en\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DramaQueen<\/a> script writing software. The people behind it have told me that \u201cmost probably\u201c there will be a third option for the gender choice in one of the next software updates: <strong>open<\/strong> alongside <strong>female <\/strong>and male. Thank you, that sounds like great prospects!<\/p>\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Is that really necessary?<\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">Do we really need to formalize all this, do we need this kind of guidelines, a detour via short-term defined neutral roles? Writing is a creative process, why this reaucratic manner?<br \/>\nYes. Because. <strong>Because the alternative hasn\u2018t been working so far.<\/strong> Do I think script writers want to create male societies? No, not at all. Most of the times it just happens. Over and over again. It has for decades. A bad habit, that has been reproduced so often that we hardly notice it any more.<br \/>\nAnd maybe gender neutral language isn\u2018t really that neutral. A doctor, a professor, an astronaut, a nuclear physicist \u2013 surveys have revealed time and again that without additional information \u201esophisticated, highly qualified jobs tend to be perceived as male jobs, and caring jobs tend to be associated with females. So when people read Dr. Harrison or Professor Jones with no first names chances are they will read them as Mr. H. And Mr. J.<br \/>\nAnd also there is the question of pronouns, three characters are journalists, referred as Journalist 1, Journalist 2, Journalist 3. What about \u201c<em>Leading character is being followed by Journalist 2, who holds a microphone in his hand<\/em>.\u201c?<br \/>\nSo defining the journalists officially as (gender-)neutral, for a while or until the script is finished, following the described procedure might help. could help, will help.<br \/>\nAnd also, because \u201c<em>I\u2018ll do that when everything is finished, then I\u2018ll look into it and maybe revise a couple of characters<\/em>\u201c <strong>never led to any measurable effect either<\/strong>. Weeks and months of being occupied with the story, which also means that you\u2018ve lived with Mr. Harrison and Mr Jones all this time. And probably with male journalists in the plot.<br \/>\nAnd if I am aware that there are fewer female roles in films overall, and if I don\u2018t want to contribute to this imbalance if I can help it. Then why not do something about it right from the word go? And who knows what will happen to my story if I go with green \/ <strong>neutral<\/strong> characters for a while. <strong>It doesn\u2018t cost any money to do it and it won\u2018t really slow down the writing.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 align=\"justify\">German Film Funding November 17<\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">j Just how necessary NEROPA is \u2013 at the beginning of a film production or even earlier when developing a script &#8211; can be demonstrated by looking at the latest funding decision from the <strong>FFA<\/strong> German Film Funding Institution, which was published on Nov 1 (in German: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ffa.de\/aid=1394.html?newsdetail=20171101-1351_mit-alfred-doeblin-und-udo-juergens-von-berlin-nach-new-york-ffa-vergibt-rund-13-millionen-euro-fuer-produktions-und-drehbuchfoerderung\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mit Alfred D\u00f6blin und Udo J\u00fcrgens von Berlin nach New York \/ FFA vergibt rund 1.3 Millionen Euro f\u00fcr Produktions- und Drehbuchf\u00f6rderung<\/a>).<br \/>\nA recent very positive addition to these publications by the FFA has been the <strong>gender overview<\/strong> at the end, where they list the number of submitted and funded films and the number of female directors, female producers and female authors for both groups. What they are still disregarding are the leading characters. They are mentioned in the short summaries of each film, but they don\u2018t add them up and publish the genders numbers. So apparently the plots don\u2018t seem to matter as much.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Back to this month\u2018s funding (one of the FFA\u2018s 7 decisions in 2017), there wee 8 funded fictional projects and two documentaries. The latter got script funding, one is on Wau Holland, the German computer activist, and the other is about the Uffizi, a historical building housing an art gallery in Florence \/ Italien.<br \/>\nThe next image gives an overview of the funded fictional projects. I colour highlighted the mentioned names of leading characters in the short summaries. At this point we see an overwhelming male majority (12 to <strong>3<\/strong>). I marked the \u201cf\u00fcnfk\u00f6pfige Therapiegruppe\u201c (five-member therapy group) as <strong>neutral<\/strong>, because there is no additional information. Incidentally, the two scripts written by women only have male leads.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/11\/schspin_ffa-foerderung-nov-17.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7528\" src=\"https:\/\/schspin.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/11\/schspin_ffa-foerderung-nov-17.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"416\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<strong> I\u2018d like to suggest that the FFA include the leading characters in their gender overview of the films<\/strong>, to not only paint half the picture. What if 50 % of the films have female directors and female writers &#8211; and maybe they will include the DoP position as well &#8211; but they only tell stories of men? Can we lean back then? Or films that have one female lead surrounded by men in the main cast? Hollywood has shown how this is done, with THE FORCE AWAKENS and ROGUE ONE among others (see also: <a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/2017\/02\/02\/star-wars-empirie\/#english\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAR WARS &#8211; THE EMPIRICISM STRIKES BACK<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>By the way, NEROPA is basically not only a method for film productions and story development, the concept can also be applied when setting up working committees, boards, panels, talk show guest lists, political cabinets, lists of candidates and more. But that is a topic for another day.<\/p>\n<h2 align=\"justify\">Epilogue: Ships that Pass in the Night<\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">Once again I have been writing a while on this text, some days and more nights, and half-way through beep! I got a notification about a new comment on my blog (for the article: <a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/2017\/02\/16\/augen-auf-stereotype-open-eyes\/#comments\">Open Eyes \u2013 Stereotypes<\/a>, which made me very happy and also it contains a paragraph which perfectly fits today\u2018s article. So thank you very much! This is what <strong>Krissi<\/strong> wrote (in German):<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>(&#8230;) I\u2018ve been taking notes for ideas for film scenes for a few years now, and I have noticed with many characters that I am not always totally sure what gender a character that I am creating should have. It\u2018s not important for the scene and I very often can imagine it to be a variety of people. So I simply call them person 1, person 2 or figure 1 and figure 2 etc. If a character\u2018s person is relevant for the scene that I add it in brackets. In my experience the idea behind NEROPA is useful and absolutely deserving of support. Keep it up!<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Thank you very much, Krissi,<\/strong> for today&#8217;s closing words!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Die Ausgangsfrage Die NEROPA-Ampel Schreibe erst, entscheide sp\u00e4ter Ist das wirklich n\u00f6tig? Die FFA-Filmf\u00f6rderung November 17 Epilog: Schiffe, die sich nachts begegnen Die Ausgangsfrage Ab und zu werde ich gefragt, ob auch Drehbuchautor*innen das Besetzungstool NEROPA anwenden k\u00f6nnen, um das &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/schspin.stieve.com\/gb\/2017\/11\/06\/neropa-in-der-stoffentwicklung\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,698],"tags":[187,225,252,275,469,591],"class_list":["post-7519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-besetzung-cast","category-neropa","tag-drehbuch","tag-figuren","tag-frauenanteil","tag-gender","tag-neropa","tag-stoffentwicklung"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"gb","enabled_languages":["de","gb"],"languages":{"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NEROPA during Script Development &#8211; 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